Book sewing machine



- 3, N33. K. s. HOGE BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan, 29, 1930 Sheets-Sheet l ll INVENTOR. /f5/v/v7/1 5/7062 ATTORNEY July 11, 1933. I 5 HOGE 1,917,647

BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1930 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 BY aaamm A TTORNEY Fm: Z

July 11, 1933. K. s. HOGE BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1930 7 Sheets-Sheet "J'IIIIIIIIIIIIJ INVENTOR. MAM 777 S #062:-

TTORNEY July 11, 1933. K. s. HOGE BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1930 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VENTOR. fiZ'W/VZTfi/ 6? #06:

$66 A TTORNEY Ju!y 11, 1933. K. s. HOGE BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29 1930 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 ii niii kwmms INVEN TOR. fla /24. 777 5/706:-

BY -qm 2 July 11, 1933. K. 5 H065 1,917,647

BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1930 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 156211 v INVENTOR.

fimwirfifi #04::

July 11, 1933. K; s. HOGE BOOK SEWING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1930 '7 Sheets-Sheet '7 IN VEN TOR. /v-rv 6T #00:

A TTORNEY Patented July 11, 1933 warren STATES PATENT orrica KENNETH S. HOGE, OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOB TO M. RUSSELL ENG-LEE, OF

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA BOOK SEWING MACHINE "Application filed January 29, 1930. Serial No. 424,271.

My invention relates to book sewing machines, and the ObJGCtS of my 1nvent1on are First, to prov1de a machine of this class which eliminates the hand process formerly required in order to properly sew books;

Second, to provide a machine of this class in which the stitches sewn thereby overlap and interlock in such a manner that even though one or several stitches break, the book is still bound firmly;

Third, to provide a book sewing machine in which a minimum reliance is placed upon the glue or hinder used to coat the back of the book;

Fourth, to provide a book sewing machine which roughens the back of the book in places where the stitches are not/weakened thereby so that the glue is readily absorbed into the book a slight distance and firmly interlocks the leaves thereof together;

Fifth, to provide a book sewing machine in which portions of the thread between each stitch pass on the outer rear edges of the book leaves where the glue may readily bind them firmly against the back of the book, thus making each stitch an independ ent locking unit;

Sixth, to provide a book sewing machine which sews a book in a minimum amount of time even though the various sections thereof constitute only a few sheets of paper;

Seventh, to provide a book sewing machine which creases the sections of a book with each stitch, thereby facilitating the construction of a round backed book, and at the same time spreading slightly the extreme rear edges of the book leaves so that glue may seep therebetween a limited distance and firmly unite them;

Eighth, to provide a book sewing machine which readily sews many difierent sizes 0 books;

Ninth, to provide a novel means of sewing a book in which the needles, after sewing the first few leaves or sections, do not pass completely through the book, but only through a predetermined,v approximately constant number of book leaves, so that the portion of the book which first undergoes sewing is not torn and mutilated by excessive and repeated actions of the needle;

Tenth, to provide a novel means of operating a bank of sewing units, whereby one or all of the units may be brought into action,

depending upon the size of the book being bound; and

Eleventh, to provide on a whole a novelly construct-ed book sewing machine which is particularly simple of construction proportional to its functions, durable, efficient in its actions, and which will not readily deteriorate or et out of order.

WVit-h these and other objects in view as will appear hereinafter, my invention consists of certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts and portions as will be hereinafter described in detail and particularly set forth in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the characters of reference thereon, which form a part of this application, in which:

Figure 1- is a front elevational view of my book sewing machine, withparts and portlons broken away and removed to facilitate the illustration;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view thereof, also with parts and portions broken away and in section to facilitate the illustration;

Fig. 3'is a transverse sectional view thereof substantially through 3-3 of Fig. 1, with parts and portions shown in elevation to facilitate the illustration;

Fig. at is a fragmentary sectional view through 4-- i of Fig. 3, showing the needle carriage tilting armand its guide;

Fig. 5 is another sectional view thereof, through 55 of Fig. 4 V I Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view through c6 6 of Fig. 1, with parts and portions shown in elevation to facilitate the illustration;

F ,7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through 77 of Fig. 1, showing one of the sewing units; I

Fig. 8 isa rear elevational View of one of the needle supports and guard members;

. housings '21, needle driving racks Fig. 9 is a front elevational view of the thread spool brace members;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view through 1010 of Fig. 7, showing the means of securing the needle in its operative member;

2 facilitate the illustration;

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the bobbin housing and paper guard with portions shown in section to facilitate the illustration;

ig. 16 is a perspective view of one of the bobbin supports Fig; 17 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the bobbin housing cover members shown in its upside down position; and

Fig. 18 is a diagrammatical fragmentary rear elevational view of a book sewn with my machine, illustrating the arrangement of the stitching.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts and portions throughout the several views of the drawings.

Support members 1, end members 2, chan nel members 3 and 4, braking material 5, tension member 6, tension adjusting members 7, tension springs 8, table 9, cylinder members 1 10, carriage elevating members 11, carriage end members 12 and 13, carriage rear frame member 14, carriage front frame member 15, pinion gears 16, shaft 17, driving pinion gear 18, cover plate 19, travelerv member 20, needle 22, needles 23, key 24, cap member 25, spool spindle 26, brake member 27, brake housing 28, tension spring 29, tension screw 30, brake housing supporting frame 31, end brackets 32, car

riage operating arms 33, operating arm keepers 34, stop means 35, slide bars 36, bobbin housing 37, bobbins 38, bobbin retainers 39, bobbin housing cap members 40, bobbin support drive member '41, thumb screws 42,

-, guard members 43, brackets 44, shaft 45,-drive shaft 46, table shifting yoke 47, table shifting lever 48, gear member 49, cam 50, drive gear '51, slide pins 52, elevator depressing levers 53, elevator cams 54, stub rods 55, carriage tilting levers 56, adjusting members 57, tension springs 58, carriage tilting cams 59, springs 60, bobbin driving rack 61, bobbin operating lever 62, bobbin operating cam 63, needle operating cam 64, sprocket wheel 65, drive chain 66, casing '67, slide bars 68, and book section guide 69, and needle housing support clips 70 constitute the principal parts and portions of my book sewing machine.

A pair of support members 1 is provided. These support members are preferably in the form of castings which are secured to the framework of the machine shown by dotted lines in certain of the drawings. The framework is omitted wherever possible as such framework merely supports the various elements in the positions shown in the various views.

Each support member 1 is provided with a pair of parallel disposed, horizontally eX- tending, appreciably spaced openings lined with bushings 1a, as shown best in Fig. 11. The openings in one support are in axial alin'ement with the corresponding openings of the other support, said supports being arranged on the side of the machine.

Slidably mounted in each bushing 1a is a slide bar 2a. The pair of slide bars eXtending from each support are joined together at their one end by a link portion 2?). The slide bars 2a and link portion 25 constitute portions of an end member 2, one pair of end members being provided.

One of the end members 2 is provided with a short shank portion, the axis of which is centered between the pairs of slide bars 2a. The major part of the shank portion 20 forms an annular channel 2d, in which rides a yoke member of an operatingmeans for shifting the end members 2. This operating means will be described hereinafter.

The end members 2 are connected by a pair of spaced apart channel members 3 and 4. The base of the channel member 3 faces the channel member 4 and is covered with a friction material 5, such as brake lining. The legs of the channel member 4 face towards the channel member 3, and receive in telescoping relation therewith a tension member 6, which is a channel member similar to the channel member 3, arranged with its base portion facing the base portion of the channel member 3. The tension member 6 is also provided with brake lining material 5.

Arranged in spaced apart relation along the base of the channel member 4 are internally threaded hollow boss portions 4a, which receive adjusting members 7. The ad justing members 7 are externally threaded and provided with sockets 7a open towards the tension member 6. Between the base of the sockets 7a and the base of the tension member 6 are mount-ed springs 8, which tend to force the tension member 6 towards the channel member 3. The linings 5 press against opposite sides of a substantially rectangular, vertically positioned fiat plate 9a which forms the supporting portion of a table member 9.

The end members 2 are provided with verticall'y extending guide portions 20, which receive the end margins of the supporting plate'ga so as to prevent all but vertical movement of the, supporting plate. The brake linings 5 grip the supporting plate 9a tightenough to hold said plate in any shifted position until a: certain predetermined will be described Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7.

Each support member 1 is provided wit-h a vertically extending opening .15 centered between the axes of the pair of slide bars 2a, as shown in Figs. 3 and .11. A cylinder 10, having a bore forming continuation of the opening 16, extends downwardly from each support member 1.

Slidably mountedin each opening 15 is a sleeve portion 11a of-an elevating member 11. Two of these elevating membersll are provided. The elevating members 11 are resiliently held in their upper position by springs 11d, which extend into the sleeve opening 11?) therethrough," which extends horizontally and at right angles to the axis of the slide bars 2a, that is, forwardly and rearwardly with the machine. Each opening 11?) receives a slide pin of an operating mechanism for the-elevating members, to be described hereinafter.

The upper portion of each elevating member 11 is provided with an opening which eXtends in parallel disposed relation to the slide bars 2a, that is, transversely of the achine. The centers of these openings are in axial alinenient with each other.

These openings 110 form bearings for the journal portions 12a and 13a. of end members 12 and 13. The end members 12 and 13 function similarly except that the end member 12 is made larger so as to, accommodate mechanism for the shifting'of needles supported by the needle carriage; This will be described hereinafter. The end members 12 and 18 extend upwardly from their points of support and towards each other. Secured between the rear sides of the. carriage end members 12 and 13 is a carriage frame membenl i. A second or forward carriage irame member 15 extends between the forward sides of the end members 12 and This latter frame member is secured to the end memb by knurled screws 1511 which may be renamed without the use of tools.

The end members 12 and 13, and frame members 14 and 15,together with the mechanism supported thereby, constitute the needle carriage.

The rear carriage frame member 1 1 is provided with a slightly greater than semi: cylindrical, longitudinally extending portion of varying diameter. Intermediate the ends and in spaced. apart relation the semicylindrical portion forms plurality of spaced apart housings 14a for pinion gears 16. Between the housing portions lea the frame member'is provided with seniicylindrical bearing portions 14?), which are complemented by bearing caps 1&0, which are flush with the forward surface of the frame member, as shown best in Figs. 1, 7 and 12. n lb t "1 1?) i ouppoitec ne nearing poi blonb ant the caps 1n isa shaft 17 which extends longitudinally with the carriage frame memher 1 1, that 1s, transversely of the machine.

Between the various bearing portions, the

pinion gears project a slight distance for wardly of the carriage frame member 14, as.

I w l .L shown OGSI; in big. I. V

1 i 1 bl ear the end of the shaft 1! at the rear side f the end member 12, the shaft 111s pro.

ded with a driving pinion gear 18 sim r in diameter to the gears lfi-and mounted he end member 12 protrudes over its sup porting elevating member 11 and is provided with 'a rectangular recess which forms a housing 125 for the driving means which operates the shaft 17. At the end of the end member 12 the recess 127) is intersected by vertically extendin slot 120; he housing 12?) is closed by cover plate 19.

Mount-ed in the recess 12?) is a traveler. member 20, which is in the form of an inverted T. The stem'portion of the T eX-- tends vertically and is provided withrach teeth on its rear side, which engage the pinion 18. The forward side of the stem portion is provided with a ridge20b which slides in a corresponding channel 19a formed in the cover plate 19 so as to ensure the desired vertical, movement of the traveler member.

The projecting ends ofthe eross portion 200 of the traveler member support the lower ends of springs 20f, which extend upwardly and engage the upper margin of the recess-12Z). The one arm of the cross portion 20o projects'out the slot 12c and forms. a shaft 20d, upon which is mounted a roller 206. 'This rolleris engaged by a cam form ing a part of the guide mechanism therefor,

tation of the shaft 17 and the pinion gear 16 Above'and below each pinion gear housing portion 14a, the rear carriage frame mem- ..i a housing portionl la. (See Figs. 1 and i her is provided with a pair of depressions 144. Similar depressions 15a are formed in the forward carriage frame member in op positely disposed relation to the depressions 14d. Similar depressions are provided at the ends of the carriage frame members. These interlock with corresponding projections on the end members 12 and 13.

Supported in front of each pinion gear 16, by means of boss portions 21a fitting in the depressions 14d and 15b is a needle housing 21, which is shown best in Figs. 1, 7 and 8. The upper portion of each housing is poly onal in shape with an annular, vertically eX- I tending bore 216 extending therein from its upper side. At its rear central portion opposite the pinion gear 16, the bore 216 is intersected by a slot 210, which receives a pinion gear.

Slidably mounted in the bore 21?) of each housing 21 is a needle driving rack 22 which is of annular cross section except for a flattened portion having rack teeth thereon engageable with the teeth of a pinion gear 16,

' as shown best in Fig. 7.

The rack is provided with a small, longitudinally extending hole therethrough, which receives a slightly enlarged upper end portion 23a of a needle 23. Below the needle v driving rack 22, the needle 23 is reduced to its smallest desirable diameter and forms a sliding fit with a small passage forming a continuation of the bore 216, as shown best in Fig. 7.

Around the passage 216 the needle housing is flattened and widened. Forwardly of the transverse axis of the needle the housing is made as small as possible and yet leaves sufiicient stock surrounding the passage 21b.

Rearwardly of the axis plane of the needle the housing is broadened and flattened so as to form a striking foot 21d at its lowest tip. as shown best in Figs. 1, 7 and 8.

The striking feet 21d of the several needle housings form a relatively blunt knife edge substantially along the common transverse axis plane of the several needles. This edge formed by the several feet 2165 is adapted to strike the uppermost book section upon the socket therein which forms a continuation of the bore 216.. It is preferred to arrange the needle and its rack so that in the upper position of the needle, the key 24 clears the upper side of the needle support and extends into the cap 25. By providing notches 230 in the head portion 23d, the needle is adapted to receive the fingernails, and by providing other notches 24a in the extended side margins of the key 24, it is possible to readily withdraw the needle from the housing and from the rack should the needle become broken or dulled.

The protruding portion of the key 24 may also form a guide which travels in a slot provided in the side wall of the bore 217) and cap 25, so as to prevent rotation of the needle and its driving rack Just clear of the lower side of the rear carriage frame member, each needle housing 21 is provided with a pair of spaced apart, rearwardly extending lugs 216. J ournalled horizontally between the lugs 216 is a spindle member 26. The spindle member is arranged so that it may be readily removed from the lugs 216. This may be done by providing notches in the upper sides of the lugs 216, which are adapted to be closed by clip members 21;", which also engage the ends of the spindle 26 so as to prevent too free rotation thereof.

Adjacent one of the lugs 216, the spindle is provided with a drum portion 26a. Extending from the base of the drum toward the other lug member, are several pointed projections 266 which are adapted to be forced into the end of a wooden spool A, shown by dotted lines in Fig. 8. This spool contains the thread used by the needle.

A passage 219 is provided in the foot portion 21d, which leads from the spool to the forward side of the foot portion adjacent the side of the needle. The ends of the pas- 1;.

sage 219 are rounded so that the thread cannot readily be cut or injured.

The drum 26a is relatively narrow, but has sufficient surface to be frictionally engaged by a brake shoe 27a of a brake member 27. The brake member 27 extends rearwardly of the shoe portion 27a into a guide portion 28a of a support therefor. The brake 27 and its guide are either flat or polygonal so as to prevent the rotation of the brake shoe. Suitableslot and pin means 28?) limits the movement of the brake.

Rearwardly of the brake, within the housing 28 therefor, is mounted a tension spring 29, the tension of which is adjusted by an adjusting screw 30,

The brake housings 28 are supported on a common frame 31, which extends between and is secured at its ends by brackets 32 to the upper rear portion of the elevating member At or near the ends of the rear carriage frame member 14, said member is provided with rearwardly extending bracket portions 146. Secured to these brackets 146, just inwardly of the supports, 1 are arm members 33. These arms members extend in rearwardly offset parallel disposed relation to the vertical axis of the carriage. These arms are ofi'set rearwardly so as to clear the bracket 32.

Secured to, or formed integral with each support 1, is a keeper member 34. Each keeper 34 has a keeper recess 34a therein, which receives the downwardly extending portion of an arm 33. Each arm 33 is preferably rectangular in cross section, having flatforward and rear faces. The forward side 3% of each recess 34a extends vertically in parallel. disposed relation to the line of travel of the elevator members 11. The arms 33, whenheld against this forward side, hold the needles 23 vertically in a plane common to the line of travel of the two elevator members 11.

It is desired, when the carriage is in its lowest position, shown in the several views, to rotate said carriage forwardly about its journals 1% and 13a. This rotation must be through an arc of definite value. The rear wall 340 of each recess 3% extends upwardly and forwardly in substantially parallel disposed relation to the angle assumed by the arm 33 when the carriage is rotated to the desired angl i A set screw 35, or other adjustable stop means, is provided in the rear wall 340 so as to engage the rear side of the correspond ing arm 33, and accurately regulate the amount of arcuate movement of the carriage supporting the needles.

Each recess 34a extends upwardly far enough and is deep enough to maintain an arm 33 therein at all times. Formed in the side walls of each recess 34a a short distance below the axis of the journals 12a and 13a, when said journals are in their lower positions, are channels 3461. These channels extend horizontally and rearwardly until they intersect opposite the rear side wall 3&0 of the recess, whereupon they form guide slots 346, the walls of which project rearwardly from the keeper, as shown best in Fig. 3.

lidably mounted in each slot 346 and its channel 3%cZ is a slide bar 36. The inner face of each slide rod 36 is flush with the normal side walls of'the recess 34a. Two of these slide rods are provided for each recess. At its inner or forward end each slide bar is provided with a boss portion 36a which extends into the recess 34a. These boss portions lit in channels 33a formed in opposite sides of the arms and extending longitudinally therewith, as shown best in Figs. 3, l, and 5.

l /lechanism to be described hereinafter resiliently engages the slide bars 36 so that said slide bars hold the arms 33 against the forward sides 3% of the recesses 34a with sufficient force to maintain the needles in a vertical position. When the carriage is in its lowered position, the slide bars 36 actuated by said mechanism. rotate the arms 33 rearwardly about-the axis of the journals 12a and 13a causing forward tiltingof the carriage and needles until the armsare engaged by the stop means 35. When theflarm's 33 engage the stops35, the slide bars 36 resiliently hold the arms in such a position with sufficient force to permit the desired operation of the needle supported by the carriage.

Extending transversely of the machine just behind the supporting plate 9a of the table 9 is a bobbin housing 37. The bobbin housing 3? is common to all the needles and their housings,and extends substantially the full width of the table.

The forward wall 37a ofthe bobbin housing forms a stop or guide along the rear side of the table for properly positioning the book leaves relative to "the needles. Thetable 9 is slidablerelative to the bobbin housing, the upper rear surface of the supportplate 90 engaging the forward side 37a of the bobbin housing, as shown best in Fig. 7.; This forward side 37a of the bobbin housing extends above the table 9 at all times. It isof sufiil-f cient height to accommodate the thickest book adapted to be sewedby this'book sewing machine. l v

T he. needles, in making their stitches, are forced into the book a'predetermined dis. tance, at which position the points. of the needles coincide with the axisof the journals 12a and 13a. The needles thus rotate around their points with the tilting of the carriage. When the carriagereaches its tilted position, the needles move downwardly and rearward ly, that is,obliquely into the bobbin housing through holes 37b suitably positioned in the forward wall 37a of thehousing, as shown best in Fig. 7

' T'he holes 37?) extend downwardly and rearwardly and point toward the axis of rotation of the bobbin. The bobbins 38 are conventional rotary bobbins designedto oscillate about a half a turn in order to form the stitch, the axis of rotation thereof being at right angles to the axis of the needles.

The housing 37 does not form a'complete covering'for the bobbins, but providesonly a semi-cylindrical channel 370 therefor. Between the channels 37 0 the housing forms semi-cylindrical bearing portions 37d for the bobbin. retainers39. These semi-cylindrical portions face upwardly and rearwardlv.

One bobbin is provided for each needle 23. In order to permit the removal of any bobbin, a cap member 40 is provided for each bobbin having a semi-cylindrical channel portion 400, and semi-cylindrical hearing portions 40]) complementing a channel portion 370 and bearing portions 37 (Z. These cap members 40 are hinged at their lower rear sides, as indicated by 400. The housing 37 and cap members 40 together form a continuous tube, having the spaced apart, annular channels 370 and 40a therein in which rotate the bobbins 38.

Each retainer 39 comprises an annular dis k portion 39a, with arms 3% and 390 extending'from the one face thereof so as to loosely retain the bobbin, as shown in Fig. 7. Extending from the same side of the disk clear of the bobbin, and the retaining arms 3% and 390, is a boss member 39d, the one face of which is arcuate and forms a continuation of the periphery of the disk 39a. The boss 39d is provided with a slot 396 therein. Extending from the opposite side of the disk 39a in axial alinement with, and conforming in cross section to the slot 396, is a tongue 39f. The tongue of one bobbin retainer fits 1n the slot of the adjacent bobbin retainer. The bobbin retainers thus form a chain extending approximately from end to end of the lions Protruding from the one end of the housing is a drive member 41 having a pinion gear 41a at its extended portion. The dr ving member 41 is provided with an annular ournal portion 41?) which rides in the bearing portions 37d and 406 at the one end of the housing. Extending into the housing from the journal portion 41b is a tongue 41c corresponding in size and shape to the tongues 39/. This tongue 41c fits in the socket 39f formed in the first. bobbin retainer 39, as shown best in Fig. 14.. Rotation ofthe pinion gear 41a thus causes rotation of each bobbin and its retainer.

After forming the semi-cylindrical portions 40a and40b each housing cap 40 extends upwardly along the back of the bobbin housing, then over the top of said housing forming a lip 40d. The lip 40d is adapted to receive a thumb screw 42 which extends downwardly into'the upper end of thevhousing. When the needle carriage is raised the thiimb screws 42 are accessible from the forward side of the machine so that the caps 40 may be unfastened and rotated backwardly on their hinges 40c.

The ends of the lip 40d are provided with upwardly extending end walls which abut the end walls of adjacent cap members. Each end wall is provided with a depressed portion 406 which leaves a margin across the top and rear side of the wall as shown best in Fig. 17.

1 Narrow depressed portions 40f are also slotsof inverted Tshape.

walls 43a which fit into the depressions 40, a I

pair of side walls 43a of adjacent guard members fitting each slot formed by adjacent depressions 40.6. The side walls of each guard are connected by a web portion 430, which is flat except for an upturned forward or extended end 430. Adjacent the supported end of each guard, the web is cut away as indicated by 43d, leaving marginal portions of the web extending into the depressions 40f. The cut out portions 43d permit the entering and tilting of the needles and their housings. l/Vhen the thumb screws 42 are loosened, the guard 43 of a particular housing may be removed.

The guard members 43 prevent the operators fingers from coming in contact with the needle and at the same time prevent the leaves of the book from lifting with the upward movement of the needle.

The forward sides of the caps 40 may be provided with upwardly extending walls 40 which form continuations of the forward wall 37a of the bobbin housing 37.

At or near the ends of the bobbin housing 37, said housing is provided with a pair of rearwardly extending arm portions 370, which clear the supporting mechanism from the table 9, as shown in Fig. 7. These arms 370 are secured to the upper ends of brackets 44, which are secured to suitable framework of the machine, shown by dotted lines in Fig. 6, and are adapted to hold the bobbin housing rigidly in its place.

Mounted rearwardly of the carriage member by means of any suitable supports not 7" shown, connected with the framework of the machine, is a shaft 45. Mounted rearwardly and above the shaft 45, is a main drive shaft 46, which may be rotated by any suitable means, not shown.

It is desired to shift the table transversely of the machine between each stitch. This is done by a yoke member 47, which fits the annular channel 2d. The yoke is pivotally lid connected to the bifurcated ends 48a of a lever 48.

The lever 48 extends rearwardly and upwardly towards the shaft 45, just inwardly of one of the keeper members 34. The lever 48 is supported by a bracket 34f extending from said keeper, as shown in Fig. 6. Revolublv mounted upon the shaft 45, is a driven gear 49.

Integral with or secured to the one side face of the gear 49, is a cam member 50 in the form of an annular ridge extending axially and concentrically with the shaft 45. The extended face of this ridge forms the cam. The cam face has three different levels 50a. the lowest level; 506, the intermediate level; and

500, the highest level. The different levels are connected together by sloping portions c. r

The one arm of the lever 48 extends over the cam 50 so as to ride on the difierent levels thereof, and is provided with a roller 48?). It is preferred to make the roller conical and bevel the cam 50 in order to facilitate the contact therebetween.

.Yhile the roller is in contact with any one of the levels, the table is held in a certain position. The table is shifted when the roller engages the sloping portions of the cam. The roller is held in contact with the cam by a spring 480 of suflicient strength to shift the carriage when the roller passes from the highest level 500 to the lowest level 50a. W'ith this'arrangement, the table is held in three distinct stationary positions, the reason for which will bebrought out hereinafter.

The driven gear member 49 to which the cam 50 is attached isdriven by a drive gear 51 secured to the drive shaft l6. Ifthree levels are provided on the cam 50 the drive gear 51 rotates three times to the driven gear a9.

Slidably mounted in the opening 116 of each elevating member 11, isa slide pin 52, which extends rearwardly from the elevating member and is pivotally connected to a forwardly projecting arm 53a of the lever member 53. The other end of the arm 53a is rotatably mounted on the shaft %5. EX- tending upwardly from the arm 53a, near its supported end, is a second arm 536, which supports a roller 53c adapted to roll upon an elevator cam 54 mounted upon the drive shaft l-6.

The springs 11d mounted in the sleeve portion 11a of each elevating member are strong enough to raise the, elevating members and the needle carriage with suflicient extra force to maintain the roller 530 against the face of the cam 54 at all times. The cam thus depresses the elevating members against the action of the springs 11. Each pair of slide bars 36 extends rearwardly and downwardly from the corresponding keeper 3st to a common stub rod 55, and are connected to the one end thereof, as shown in Fig. 3. The stub rod 55 is slidably mounted in a cylindrical bore 56a formed near an end of a lever The stub rod 55 is retained at its one side within the bore by a collar 56?) screw threaded into said bore 56a; the other end of the bore 56a is provided with an adjusting member 57. 1 v

The adjusting member 57 and stub rod "5 are provided with sockets 57a and 55a, re-

U spectively, which face one another and receive a spring 58. Two springs are provine d. one for each stub rod 55 and lever 56. These two springs are strong enough to hold the arms 33, by reason of the slide rods 36, against the forward side 34?) of the keepers 34 during operation of the carriage when in its vertical position. Y

Supported by the lever 56 is a roller 560, which engages a cam 59 mounted on the drive shaft 46. The roller 560 is held in constant contact with the cam by a spring 60 secured to the lever 56 and extending rearwardly to a suitable anchor not shown.

For large models of the machine having a considerable number of needles, it is preferred to have two elevator shifting mechanisms and two carriage tilting mechanisms, one at each end of the machine.

The bobbins are rotated by an arcuate rack member 6l,which engages the pinion gear-41a. The arcuate rack 61 is secured to the ends'of an arm 6% of a lever 62. The lever 62 fulcrums on the shaft 45. The other arm. 5% of the lever extends underneath the drive shaft 16, and is provided with a roller 620 which engages the cam 63 mounted on the drive shaft, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6.

The roller 208 of the traveler member-20, comprising a portion of the needle actuating mechanism, rides on a cam 64. This cam is journalled on a hollow shaft 116, which is formed by extending the elevating mechanism supporting the end member 12 outwardly in concentric relation to the bearings 110 thereof. Secured to the hub supporting the cam 64 is a driven sprocket 65, around which passes a chain 66, preferably a silent chain shown in Fig. 13. The chain extends rearwa rdly and passes around a second sprocket wheel mounted on the drive shaft 46. Suthcient slack is provided in the chain to permit slight shifting of the centers of the sprocket wheels when the carriage is raised and lowered. i

The chain 66 and its sprocket wheels, the cam 64 and roller 200 are enclosed in a housing 67, as shown in Fi 2, which housing is provided somewhere in its length witha sliding coupling'67a, which permits the variations between the centers of the sprocket wheels.

The table top 90 is provided with a pair or more of transversely extending channels 9d, which receive slide bars 68, having their upper surfaces flush with the top of the table. These slide bars support a vertically extending slide plate 69 against which the one edge of the book being sewed may be alined.

My book sewing machine is operated as follows: The table 9 is first adjusted to one extreme position in which the cam roller of the operating cam therefor is in engagement with the lower level of the cam 50. The table is also adjusted so that it is in its upper position relative to its support, 3 and 4, that is contiguous to the feet 21d of the needle hous ings, when in their lower position. The driving mechanism is set so that the needle car:

' section abutting the guard 69.

riage is in its raised position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3.

Books are sewn to ether in sections of any where from three to fifteen or twenty or more leaves.

The needles are threaded by passing the thread from the spools A through the openings 21g along the sides of the needles, then through the eyes in said needles provided near their lower ends. The bobbins are provided with bobbin spools 38?; from which the threads are extended out the openings 37b. The ends of the needle threads and bobbin threads are left long enough so that they will not pull through when the stitch 1S made. After the machine is set, the first section is placed underneath the guards 43 with its back edge against the forward surface 37a of the bobbin housing and at one end of the The work is begun, first by lowering the carriage with the needles held in fixed relation thereto until the feet 21d of the needle support strike the book section and depress the table a distance equal to the thickness of the section.

In sewing the first two or three sections, the needles pass on through the section and into notched portions 9 provided in the table, as shown in Fig. 7. The distance between the tip of each needle and foot portion 21d is fixed as long as the carriage is in ill its vertical position. When the carriage reaches its lowestposition, the driving mechanism tilts the carriage to the inclined position shown by dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 7, whereupon the driving mechanisms for the several needles cause said needles to pass obliquely through the openings 37?) into proper relation with the hook portions 38a of the bobbins 38.

As soon as the threads have passed around the bobbin and before said bobbin returns to the position shown in Fig. 7, the needles withdraw until their points coincide with the axis between the journals 12a and 13a, whereupon the carriage tilts back into its vertical position, then raises to its elevated position.

The upward movement of the carriage and needle is of sufiicient length to draw the loop formed by the stitch reasonably tight. In sewing books the stitches do not have to be tight, as when sewing clothes and other materials. Hence, the upward movement of the carriage merely takes up the slack in the thread.

As soon as the carriage reaches its upper position, or has about reached this position, the table is shifted transversely so that the nextstitch is located a short distance from the first stitch.

Before the next stitch is made, a second book section is placed upon the first book section. After the second stitch is completed,

the table again shifts to a third position. A third section is then placed upon the second section, and a third stitch is made by each needle and bobbin. After the third stitch the table returns to its first position, and the cycle begins over again.

As shown in the diagrammatical view, Fig. 18, lengths of thread both from the bobbins and from the spools A between each set of stitches pass along the rear surface of the book so they may be readily adhered thereto by glue. It will also be noted that although only one section is placed on the table between each stitch, the needle sews through approximately three sections so that the. various stitches overlap.

After the first three sections have been sewn, the needle does not pass through all the sections, but only a certain number thereof, before the carriage tilts. After tilting, the needle passes obliquely. through the first of the sections thereunder. This does not harm in any way as the thread must come in from the rear side of the book in any event, and what slight tearing of the paper takes place is beneficial as glue may readily enter a slight distance into the book and bind the several leaves together.

The brake 27 by engaging the drum 26a of the spool spindle 26 whenever the carriage is in its vertical position prevents rotation of the spool during upward movement of the carriage until the stitch has been drawn to a predetermined tautness, whereupon the drum slides in the brake during a further upward movement of the carriage. As shown in the diagrammatical view, Fig. 18, each stitch is similar to the conventional lock stitch commonly used for the ordinary sewing machine. By reason of the angle glued portions of the threads between each stitch, it can be seen that in order to come apart, practically every stitch in the book must break.

The feet portions 21d of the needle housings are made sharp enough so that they tend to crease the book sections along the line of stitching so that the extended margins of the book sections may spread slightly. The creasing also facilitates the manufacturing of a rounded back book.

By removing the front carriage frame 15, the needles and their housing may be removed. Clip members 70 are secured to the rear frame members 14 so that their ends may be extended over the margins of the needle supports and retain the needle supports in position when the front frame memher is removed. The clips are easily shifted clear of the needle supports so that any one of the needle supports may be taken out.

The number of needles used depends upon the size of the book. If a small book is sewn, perhaps only three or four needles need be used. In sucha case, all but the central three or'four needle supports are removed and the front frame member is in place.

, Though I have shown and described a particular construction, combination and arrangement of parts and portions, I do not wish to be limited to this particular construction, combination and arrangement, but desire to include in the scope of my invention the construction, combination and arrangement substantially as set forth inthe appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a threaded needle arranged to enter a predetermined distance into book sections placed thereon and pause,

.said pause occurring intermediate the ends of its stroke, a support for said needle, said support rotatable about an axis approximately intersecting the point of said needle when said needle hasentered said predetermined distance into said book sections, means for rotating said support a certain distance while said needle is in its pausing position intermediate the ends of its stroke whereby said needle may continue its stroke and pass obliquely through saidbook sections, and a bobbin means coacting with said needle for completing a stitch.

2. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a battery of threaded needles arranged to enter said book sections during the first portion of their strokes, a support common to said needles, said support rotatable about an axis approximately intersecting the points of said needles when said needles have entered a predetermined distance into said book sections, means for rotating said support a certain distance, whereby said needles may continue their strokes and pass obliquely through said book sections, and bobbin means cooperating with said needles for forming a plurality of spaced apart independent stitches.

3. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a threaded needle arranged to enter a'predetermined distance into booksections placed thereon, a support for said needle, said support rotatable about an axis approximately intersecting the point ing said table transversely with respect to said needle whereby successive stitches are spaced from each other.

4. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a battery of threaded needles arranged to enter said book sections, a support common to said needles, said support rotatable aboutan axis approximately intersecting the points of said needles when said needles have entered a predetermined distance into said book sections, means for rotating said support a certain distance, whereby said needles may pass obliquely through said book sections, bobbin means cooperating with said needles for forming a plurality of spaced apart independent stitches, and mechanism for shifting said table transversely with respect to said needles, whereby successive stitches are spaced from each other.

5. In a book sewing machine, a table for receiving book sections, carriage means supported thereover, foot means extending from said carriage engageable with book sections placed upon said table, a support for said table, whereby said table is lowered by the action of saidfoot means upon said book section, a battery of needles supported by said carriage means, said carriage means rotatable about an axis approximately intersecting the points of said needles when said needles occupy predetermined positions intermediate the extremities of their travel, said needles arranged to enter a certain distanceinto said book sections adjacent one margin thereof, then pass obliquelythrough the ends of said book sections, and bobbin means arranged to coact with said needles.

6. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriagesupported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relationwith said table, a needle supported by said carriage, whereby said needle enters said book sections a predetermined distance, then shifts into oblique relation therewith, shifting means for said needle for shifting said needle relative to said carriage when in an oblique position, whereby said needle passes. out an end of said book sections, and bobbin means arranged to coact with said needle.

7. In a. book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, acarriage supported across the one end of sa1d table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said car-,

riage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a. battery of needles supportedby said carriage with their points ntersect ng the axis of rotation of said carnage dur ng the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they enter said book sections a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation therewith, mechanism for shifting said needles relative to :said carriage, whereby said needles may be moved through the rear end of said book sections when in oblique relation therewith,

and a battery of bobbins arranged'to eoaet with said needles, whereby a plurality of independent stitches are formed.

8. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an obliqueangular relation with said table, a needle supported by said carriage, whereby said needle enters said book sections a predetermined distance, then shifts into oblique relation therewith, shifting means for said needle for shifting saidneedle relative to said carriage when in an oblique position, whereby said needle passes'out an end of said book sections, bobbin means arranged to coact with said needle, and mechanism for periodically shifting said table transversely with respect to said carriage, whereby consecutive stitches of said needle are offset one from the other.

9. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table,-means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said car- 'riage into an-oblique angular relation with said table, a battery of needles supported by said carriage with their points intersecting the axis of rotation of said'carriage during the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they enter said book sections a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation therewith, mechanism for shifting said needle'srelative to said carriage, whereby said needles may be moved through the rear end of'said book sections when in oblique relation therewith, a battery of bobbins arranged to coact with said needles, wherebya plurality of independent stitches are formed, and mechanism for periodically shifting said table in transverse relation with said *carriage, whereby consecutive stitches of each of said'needles are staggered.

10. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving bookseetions, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanismior tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a needle supported by said carriage, whereby said needle enters said book sections a predetermined distance, then shifts into oblique relation therewith, shifting means forsaid needle for shifting said needle relative to said carriage when in an oblique posit-ion, whereby said needle passes out an end of said book sections, bobbin means arranged to coact with said needle, and foot means extending from said carriage engageable with the uppermost book sections on said table, said table yieldable to the action of said foot means.

11. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular recoact with said needles, whereby a plurality of independent stitches are formed, and foot means extending from said carriage engageable with the uppermost book'sections on said table, said table yieldable to the action of said foot means.

12. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relationtherewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a battery of needles supported by said carriage with their points intersecting the axis of'rotation of said carriage during the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they entersaid book sections a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation therewith, mechanism for shifting said needles relative to said carriage, whereby said needles may be moved through the rear end of said book sections when in oblique relation therewith, a battery of bobbins arranged to coact with said needles, whereby a plurals ity of independent stitches are formed, mechanism for periodically shifting said table in transverse relation with said carriage, whereby consecutive stitches of each of'said needles are staggered, and foot means extending from said carriage engageable with the uppermost book sections on said table, said table yieldable to the action of said foot means.

13. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a threaded needle arranged to enter a predetermined distance into book sections placed thereon, a support for said needle, said support rotatable about an axis approximately intersecting the point of said needle when said needle has entered said predetermined distance into said book sections, means for rotating said support a certain distance, whereby said needle may pass obliquely through said book sections, a bobbin means coacting with said needle for completing a stitch, a thread spool supported upon said carriage, the thread extending therefrom through an eye in said needle so as to cooperate with a thread from said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting the rotation of said spool during the drawing of stitches made by said needle and bobbin, said spool shiftable clear-of said tension means upon tilting of said carriage, whereby the thread may be drawn from said spool during the stitch-forming operation.

14. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a needle supported by said carriage, whereby said needle enters said book sections a predetermined distance, then shifts into oblique relation therewith, shifting means for said needle, for shifting said needle relative to said carriage when in an oblique position, whereby said needle passes out an end of said book sections, bobbin means arranged to coact with said needle, a thread spool supported upon saidcarriage, the thread extending therefrom through an eye in said needle so as to cooperate with a thread from said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting the rotation of said spool during the drawing of the stitch made by said needle and bobbin, said spool shiftable clear of said tension means upon tilting of said carriage, whereby the thread may be drawn from said spool during the stitch forming operation.

1.5. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a needle supported by said carriage, whereby said needle enters said book sections a predetermined distance, then shifts into oblique relation therewith, shifting means for said needle for shifting said needle relative to said carriage when in an oblique position, whereby said needle passes out an end of said book sections, bobbin means arranged to coast with said needle,

thread extending therefrom through an eye ,in said needle so as to cooperatewith a thread from said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting the rotation of said spool during the drawing of stitches made by said needle and bobbin, said spool shiftable clear of said tension means upon tilting of said carriage,

whereby the thread may be drawn from said spool during the stitch-forming operation.

16. In a book sewing machine, a table for supporting book sections, a battery of threaded needles arranged to enter said book sections, a support common to said needles,

through eyes in said needles so as to cooper-i ate with a threadfrom said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting therotation of said spools during thedrawing of stitches made by said needles and bobbins, saidspools shiftable clear of said tensionmeans upon tilting of said carriage, whereby the threads may be drawn from said spools during the stitch-forming operation. l I

17. In a book sewing machine, a, table means for receiving book sections, acarriage supported across the one endof said'table,

means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism fortilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a battery of needles supported by said carriage with their points intersecting the axis of rotation of saidcarriage during the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they enter said book sections a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation therewith, mechanism. for needles relative tosaid-carriage, whereby said needles may be moved throughthe rear end ofsaid book sections when in oblique relation therewith, a battery of bobbins arranged tocoact with said needles, whereby a plurality of independent stitches are formed, thread spools supported upon said carriage, the threads extending therefrom through eyes in saidneedlesso as toco oper ate with a thread from said'bobbin means,

and tension means'for limiting the rotation ofsa1d spools during the drawlng of'stitches lmade by said needles and bobbins, said spools shiftable clear of said tension means upon shifting said tilting of said carriage, whereby the threads maybe drawn from said spools during the stitch-forming operation. q

18. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end .of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular re lation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a battery of needles supported by said carriage with their points substantially intersecting ith the axis of rotation of said carriage during the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they enter-said book sec tions a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation therewith, mechanism for shifting said needles relative to said carriage, whereby said needles may be moved through the rear end of said book sections when in oblique relation therewith, a battery of bobbins arranged to coact with said needles, whereby a plurality of independent stitches are formed, mechanism for periodically shifting said table in transverse relation with said carriage, whereby consecutive stitches of each of said needles are staggered,

thread spoolssupported upon said carriage,

the threads extending therefrom, through eyes in said needles so as to cooperate with thread from said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting the rotation of said spools during the drawing of stitches made. by said needles and bobbins, said spools" shiftable clear of said tension means, upon tilting of said carriage, whereby'the threads may be drawn from said spools during the stitchforming operation. V i

19. In a book sewing machine, a table means for receiving book sections, a carriage supported across the one end of said table, means for shifting said carriage to and from said table in substantially right angular relation therewith, mechanism for tilting said carriage into an oblique angular relation with said table, a battery of needles supported by said carriage with their points intersecting the axis of rotationof said carriage during the tilting action thereof, said needles shiftable with said carriage whereby they enter said book sections a predetermined distance, then shift into oblique relation'therewith, mechanism for shifting said needles relative to said carriage, whereby said needles'may be moved through the rear end of said book sections when in oblique relation therewith, a battery of bobbins arranged to coact with said needles, whereby a plurality of independent stitches are formed, mechanism for periodically shifting said table in transverse relationwith said carriage, whereby consecutive stitches of each of said needles are staggered, foot means extending from said carriage engageable with the uppermost book sections on said table, said table yieldable to the action of said foot means, thread spools supported upon said carriage, the threads extending therefrom through eyes in said needles so as to cooperate with a thread from said bobbin means, and tension means for limiting therotation of said spools during the drawing of stitches made by said needles and bobbins, said spools shiftable clear of said tension means upon tilting of said carriage,

whereby the threads may be drawn from said spools during the stitch-forming operation.

20. In a book sewing machine, a reciprocable and arcuately shiftable support, a needle reciprocably mounted therein and arranged to project therefrom, means for retaining said needle in a predetermined projecting relation with said support during the arcuate movement thereof, the axis of rotation of said support approximately intersecting the point of said needle when said needle is in its retained relation with said support, and means for extending said needle from said support upon said support reaching an extremity of its arcuate movement.

21. In a book sewing machine, a reciprocable and arcuately shiftable support, a battery of needles reciprocably mounted therein and arranged to project therefrom, means for retaining said needles in a predetermined projecting relation with said support during movement thereof, the axis of rotation of said support approximately intersecting the points of said needles when said needles are in retained relation with said support, and means for extending said needles in unison from said support upon said support reaching an extremity of its arcuate movement.

22. In a book binding machine, a table for receiving sections of a book prepared for sewing, a plurality of needles arranged side by side above said table along a margin thereof,

a plurality of bobbins arranged side by side rearwardly of said table, and means arranged to shift said needlesdownwardly towards said table during the first portion of their strokes, rotate said needles above their points, then direct said needles into coactive relation with said bobbins during the remaining portion of their strokes so as to form a plurality of independent stitches.

23. In a book binding machine, a table for receiving sections ofa book prepared for sewing, a plurality of needles arranged side by side above said table along a margin thereof, a plurality of'bobbins arranged side by side rearwardly of said table, means arranged to shift saidneedles downwardly towards saidrtable, rotate said needles about their points, then direct said needles into coactive relation with said bobbins so as to form a plurality of independent stitches, and mechanism for shifting said table transversely with respect to said needles between each stitching operation.

24. In a book binding machine, a table for 1 receiving sections of a book prepared for sewing, a plurality of needles arranged side by side above said table along a margin thereof, a plurality of bobbins arranged side by side rearwardly of said table, means arranged to shift said needles downwardly towards said table, rotate said needles about their points, then direct said needles into coa'ctive relation with said bobbins so as to form a plurality of independent stitches, stop means associated with said needles arranged to engage the uppermost book section upon said table and limit the penetration of said needles therein, and means frictionally supporting said table, said stop means being shiftable a predetermined distance whereby upon en- 

